hi James T, welcome aboard (if I haven't already). Since you've found the seacock for the head, I'll assume it's open.
You don't happen to have A/C on your boat do you? I only ask because there would be a sepereate seacock for the A/C as well. Just trying to rule out whether the seacock in disucssion is the one for the head, since the behavior you describe is very much like the seacock being closed. Otherwise either the valve for the intake is bad or there is a major blockage. I would expect even with barnacles clogging up the intake, you would still get SOME water in, though it would be difficult.
If there is a seastrainer for the head, then certainly check to make sure that isn't blocked. Once it's empty, if you put it back together and open teh seacock I would expect it to fill with water if the strainer is below the waterline. That should give an indication of which direction to start looking for the blockage.
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